MPPT — maximum power point tracking — is the controller constantly hunting for the voltage at which the panels deliver the most power. As sun and temperature change through the day, a good MPPT (above 99% tracking efficiency) squeezes the most energy out of the same array.
FOC — field-oriented control — is how the controller drives the motor. Instead of a crude on/off waveform, FOC produces a smooth sine wave that turns the permanent-magnet motor efficiently and gently, with less heat and vibration and a longer life.
Together they decide the number that actually matters to a farmer: litres of water per day. Better MPPT and FOC mean the pump starts earlier, runs later and delivers more from the same panels.
